Tughlaq Dynasty

Name the founder of Tughlaq Dynasty

Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq

Original name of Ghiyasudhin Tughlaq was an important ruler of Tughlaq Dynasty

He shifted his capital from Delhi to Devagiri and renamed it as Daulatabad and then brought it back to Delhi again.

He is also known as the wisest fool

Ibn Bathuta Called him an ill starred idealist

He introduced token currency of bronze and copper

Ibn Batuta, an African traveller, visited India during the region of Mohammed bin Tughlaq.

Firuz-sha- Tughlaq was another ruler of this dynasty who introduced Jeziya a tax on non muslims.

He also constructed larges number of canals

The Qutab Minar honours the famous Saint Khawaja Quitab- Ud- Din Bakhtiyar Kaki

Music was banned by Sulthan Giyas Ud-in- Tughlaq.

The Jeziya was abolished by Akbar in 1564.

But later it was re-imposed by Aurangazeb.

Timur, the Turkish army chief, attached India in the year 1398.

Timur invasion led to the destruction of the Thughlaq Dynasty.

The capital of Tughlaq Dynasty was Delhi

The last ruler of Tughlaq Dynasty was Sulthan Muhammad Thuglaq.

The Lodhi dynasty was the first Afghan or Pathan Dynasty.

The Sayyd Dynasty was founded by Khizar Khan.

The Lodhi Dynasty was founded by Bahlol Lodhi.

Smallest (World)

Smallest continent - Australia

Smallest Ocean - Artic

Smallest Republic - Nauru

Smallest colony - Gibraltar

Smallest State - Vatican

Smallest Landmass - The Australian Mainland

Smallest Bird - Hamming Bird

Smallest flowering plant - Wolfia

Smallest planet - Neptune

National Flowers

Bangladesh - Water Lilly

Canada - Maple leaf

France - Lilly

Germany - Corn Flower

India - Lotus

Ireland - Shamrock

Japan - Chrysanthemum

Scotland - Thistle

Spain - Pomegranate

Australia - Gold Vatle

China - Narsissas

USA - Golden Rose

Russia - Sunflower

United Kingdom - Rose

Books by Sports Persons

Kapil Dev - By God's Decree
Autobiography - One Day Wonders

Sunil Gavaskar - Idol
Autobiography - Sunny Days


Ajith Wadekar - The making of a cricketer

Tiger Wood - How to play Golf?

Allan Border - Beyond Ten Thousand

Dhyan Chand - Goal

Javed Miandad - The Cutting Edge

Khilji Dynasty

The Khilji Dynasty was founded by

Jalaludhin Khilji

Jalaludhin Khilji founded Khilji Dynasty in the year 1290 AD

Alauddin Khilji was the most famous ruler of Khilji Dynasty

His original name was Ali Gurshap

He introduced an effective market regulation in India

Amir Khusru was the court poet of Alauddin

Alauddin was the first Indian ruler who maintained a large standing army and artillery

He was the only medieval ruler who captured south India.

The first marriage between a Muslim ruler and a Hindu princess was between Alauddin and Kamala Devi, the widow of the ruler of Gujarat.

He also built the Siri Fort at Delhi

Alauddin took the title 'Sikandar-i-saini' or the second Alexander

Malik Kafur was the Prime Minister and commander -in -chief of Alauddin Khilji

He captured south India for Alauddin

He also killed Alauddin by poisoning him

Mubarak Shah was the last ruler of Khilji Dynasty

Jalaluddin Khilji is also credited for expelling Mangols from India in the year 1292.

The capital of Khilji Dynasty was Delhi.

Arab Invasion

The first invasion of Sind was in

712 AD

The invasion of Arabs was made by

Muhammed bin Kasim

The first invasion of Muhammad Gazni was in the year 1001 AD

Muhammed Gazni led 17 expeditions to India

In 1025 AD he attached and destroyed the Somanath Temple in Gujrat

The famous Persian poet Firdausi who wrote Shahnama live in the court of Muhammed Gazni.

The first invasion of Mohammed Gori to India was in the year 1175

The firest place which was captured by Mohammed Ghori in India was Mltan (now in Pakistan0

Mohammed Ghori is considered as the founder of Muslim rule in India

He founded the firest Muslim Dynasty in India

Chand Bardai, the court poet of Prithv Raj wrote Prithivraj Raso.

The first Battle of Tarain was fought in the year 1191 AD between the forces of Prithivraj Chauhan and Muhammed Ghori in which Ghori was defeated

The second battle of Tarain was fought in the year 1192 AD between Prithivraj Chauhan and Mohammed Gori in which Prithivraj Chauhan was defeated.

The second Battle of Tarain inspired Muhammed Gori to establish Muslim rule in India

Qutub-Ud-Din Aubak was faithful slave of Muhammed Gori. He founded first Muslim Dynasty in India

Aibak belongs to Ilbari tribe

Aibak was also the cammander in chief of Muhammed Gori

After the death of Muhammed Gori in 1206, Aibal became king and founded the slave dynasty in India

Aikbak is popularly known as Lakh Baksh (giver of lakhs).

Important Court Scholars

Kalidasan - Chandra Gupta II

Banabhatta - Harshvardhana

Alberuni - Mohammed Gazni

Amir Khusru - Alaudin Khilji

Todarmal - Akbar

Tansen - Akbar

Ashva Ghosha - Kanishka

Firdausi - Mohammed Gazni

Abul Fazal - Akbar

Amar Simha - Chandragupta II

Chand Bardai - Pulikesin II

Ravikirti - Pulikesin II

Dhanwantari - Chandragupta Vikramaditya

Harisena - Akbar

Man Singh - Akbar

Tenali Raman - Krishnadeva Raya

Days of Defence

Navy Day - December 4

Army Day - January 15

Air Force Day - October 8

National Security Day - March 4

Vijay Divas - December 16

NCC Day - November 24

Infantry Day - October 27

Armed Forces Flag Day - December 7

Kargil Victory Day - July 26

Atoms, Atomic Nucleus, Elementary Particles

1. Which was the first subatomic particles discovered ?

Electron

2. The fact that atoms contained very light negatively charges particles called electrons had been shown in 1987 at the Cavendish laboratory in Cambridge. Which physicist it associated with discovery ?

J. J. Thomson

3. In 1931 the idea of antiparticles was introduced by Dirac as a necessary consequence by Dirac as a necessary quantum mechanics. Such a particle was discovered a year after at the California Institute of Technology. Who discovered it?

Carl Anderson

4. What is the name given to a heavy isotope of hydrogen in which the nucleus comprises a proton and a neutron rather that a proton alone?

Deuterium

5. The Electron microscope revolutionized science. It has no universally agreed single discoverer. But one scientist was given Nobel prize for the development of transmission electron microscope. Who was he?

Ernst August Friedrich Rusks

6. What is called positronium?

A quasi-atom formed by the combination of a positron, with an electron

7 How many electron shell as known ? What are they?

Seven, named by the letters K, L, M, No, O, P and Q in increasing distance from the nucleus.

8. How many electrons can be accommodated in the M shell?

18

9. Which term is used for the reaction in which a particles and its antiparticle collide and disappear, released energy?

Annihilation

10. In 1925 a Dutch-US physicist first suggested that electron possess spin. Who was that scientist?

Samuel Abraham Goudsmit

Harsha Vardhana

The Last Hindu ruler of North India was Harsha Vardhana

The capital of Harsha was Kanouj

The original Name of Harsha was Siladitya

Heuan Tsang, the Chinese Traveler visited India during his region

Banabatta, the court poet of Harsha, wrote Harshacharita and Kadambari

Harsha was a great patron of art and literature.

Harsha wrote Ratnavali, Priyadarshika and Nagananda

Pulakesin II, a Chalukya king defeated Harsha vardhana.

The Aihole inscription gives information about the conquest of Pulikesin -II

Pulikesin II belogned to the Chalukya dynasty of Vadapi

Pulikesin II was an important ruler of Chalukya Kingdom

Chalukya rulers were built the magnificent temples of Belur and Halebid

Mahendravarman I and Pulikesin II are the contemporaries of Harshavardhana