A bitter medical may prove to be sweet to remember.

Though a doctor inflicts much pain and suffering on the patient, generally he is not considered a cruel person who draws pleasure from torturing others. On the controversy, second always be remembered as and respected as a man of great character and help. Though painful, it’s a shame that the keys to have come with the sufferings imposed on him or date because he’s convinced that whatever is done an is for his own goodness. It is true with the various miseries and agonies in human life. Certain developments in life are really hard to undersatand and man fails to find any intrinse value in such painful experiences. But the truth is, today or tomorrow, there will come a day when one profits from those problems once seemed usless and futile. At that moment of revolution one may remember that such painful experiences were actually blessings in disgues and they have moulded his personality and character.

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A bird in hand is worth two in the bush

The lifespan of a human being on the face of the earth is comparatively very short one. Therefore, it is very important that everybody makes use of the time and opportunities available to achieve great things in life. The detailed evaluation of the success stories of various men and women from the pages of history proves that the basic manthras of accomplishment are nothing but the utilization of time, energy and the numerous opportunities available to them. Success is the privilege of those people who have the ability to identify the failure in life and to make use of them for their victim and. Some people fall short in life just because they’re on to notice the different opportunities and as a result, fail to notice the different opportunities knocking on the doors at the present moment in short if someone wants to be successful, he will have to release the opportunities and avail them, rather than waiting for a better chances is that may never come.

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A bad workman always blames his tools.

It is almost impossible to find a perfect human being here in this world. One way or another, the lady one has a trait of weakness in his character and As a result the stakes or traders do happen. Since that is true, That is is a very natural question: if all come into the stakes, how do some people become the data, that there and most successful high in the reasonable but one thing is to be remembered – a successful person is not the one who does and do anything wrong, but the one who learns from the mistakes and tries not to repeat them anymore. On the other hand, there are some people who tend to attribute all their failures in their live will be brocken only when they courageously take up the responsibility of their own actions.


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What is a Proverb

The term proverb has been derived from the Latin word ‘proverbium’. It is a simple and concrete saying popularly known as repeated. It expresses a truth based on common sense or the practical experiences of mankind. They are often metaphorical. It proverb that describes a basic code of conduct may also be known as a ’maxim’. If a proverb is distinguished by particularly good style, it may be known as an ‘aphorism.


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Proverbs are often borrowed over from different languages and cultures, and sometimes come down to the present age through more than one language. Both of the Bible and medieval Latin have played a Considerable role in distributing problems across Western Europe and even further.

The study of proverbs is called ‘paremiology’. The etymology of this word leads to the Greek word ‘paremia’ which means proverbs. Paremiography, on the other hand, is the collection of proverbs. Currently, the foremost a possible score is the United States is Wofgang Mieder who defienes the term proverb as follows:

“A Proverb is a short, generally known standards of the folk which contains wisdom, truth, morals, and traditional use in a metaphorical, fixed – and memorizable form and which is Handed down from demolition to generation.”

GENERAL SCIENCE

1. The chief nitrogenous product in the human urine is
Ans. Urea
2. International voluntary blood donation day?
November 6
3. Ageing in human beings caused due by disappearance of which gland?
Thymus
4. Wisdom teach normally appears in the age group?
17-30 years
5. Chemically an enzyme is a?
Protein
6. The red color of ripe tomatoes is due to the presence of
Carotenoids
7. Who discovered leprosy bacillus
Hansen
8. Penicillin is obtained from?
Fungus
9. Operator flood refers to
Milk production
10. Pure water is obtained form sea water by the process of
Distillation
11. The purest form of iron is
Wrought iron
12. The type of water which does not lather easily is called
Hard water
13. An element that does not occur in nature but can be produced artificially is
Plutonium
14. Actinides are the elements with atomic number from
89 to103
15. The two elements that are frequently used for making transistors are
Silicon & Germanium
16. From which mineral is radium obtained
Pitchblende
17. Bleaching powder is made from
Lime and chlorine
18. Nuclear fission is caused by the impact of
Neutron
19. Titanium is purified by
Van Arkel method
20. Unit of loudness?
Decibel
21. The kinetic energy of a body depends on its?
Velocity
22. The period of revolution of a geostationary satellite is
24 hours
23. The color of a star depends on its
Temperature
25. A rainbow is formed by the …………. of the light by water droplets.
Dispersion and total internal reflection



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GEOGRAPHY - Specializations in Geography

1. Specialization in designing maps
Cartography
2. The study of earth’s crust to learn more about its structure history and composition.
Geology
3. The study of earth’s surface, the origin and distribution of land forms and the changes that occur on them.
Geomorphology
4. The study of the physical and chemical characteristics above and below the earth’s surface.
Hydrology
5. The study of earth’s atmosphere and the variations in atmospheric conditions that product weather
Meteorology
6. The study of ocean and the land beneath it
Oceanography

Branches of Geography

Cartography: Deals with the production and study of maps and charts
Climatology: Study of climatic features such temperature, precipitation and humidity
Chorology: Study of geographical areas, plants and animal distribution
Demography: Describes the structure of human population and their dynamic aspects.
Lithology: Deals with the characteristics f rocks
Geomorphology: Study of land forms, their distribution and origin and the forces that change them
Hydrology: Study of water on earth, oceans, river, glaciers etc.
Oceanography: Studies the ocean current waves and tides.
Geology: Study of the chemical composition of earth’s crust.
Potamology: Study of rivers.
Pedology: Science of nature, properties, formation, distribution and function of soils and their
response to use, management and manipulation.
Paleontology: study of fossils.
Orology: Study of mountains
Petrology: Study of the origin, composition and structure of rocks.

THE KINGDOM OF PLANTS

Plants are the primary producers in nature
Flora is the plants of a particular region.
Fauna is the animals of a particular region.
Flora and Fauna together constitutes plants and animals of a region.

The part of the earth and its atmosphere that is capable of supporting living things is the biosphere.

Nitrogen fixation means conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into useful compounds like nitrates with the help of bacteria and fungi.

The biological nitrogen fixation is done by nitrogen fixing bacteris such as Rhizobium, Nos-toc and Azetobactor.

Plants absorbs the elements nitrogen in the form of nitrates.

The red coloration of Red sea is due to a blue algae.

Cyanobacteria is a blue green algae.

The profuse amount of pollen grains liberated by pine forests at the time of pollination during the months of March –April is reffered as ‘Suphur shower’

Araucaria embricate, a gymnosperm plant is commonly know as “Monkey’s Puzzle.’

Opium obtained from immature fruits of popo plant

Litmas is obtained from a lichen

Q:From which part of the plant is turmeric obtained

Ans: Stem

Cloves are dried flower buds of plan ‘syzgiym agromaticum’

Q: Clove is obtained from

Ans:Flower

Potato is a tuber crop

Vanilla, a flavouring material is extracted from the fruit of an orchid ‘Vanilla plantfolia’


Rubber is obtained from the latex of ‘Hevea brasiliensis’

The milky juice that oozes from some trees like rubber is know as latex.

Sugarcane is a type of grass

Q: The fruit sugar is called as
Ans: Fructos

Amnesty International

Amnesty International is a International Human Rights organization. The organization was founded by a British man Peter Beranson. Amnesty International got Nobel prize for peace in the year 1977. Head quarters is at London.

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G-8

G.8 is the association of 8 most industrialized countries in the world. G-8 established in September 22 1985. G-8 includes Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Briton, Russia, America. Japan is the only country from Asia.

RED CROSS

Read Cross is a international organization for providing help to public during the war, disasters and natural calamities. Red cross established in 1863. Red Cross won Nobel price for peace in the years 1917, 1944, 1963.


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ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (ADB)

Asian Development Bank (ADB) is an International Institute for providing financial help and technical advice to the Asian countries and Eastern countries of south dead sea zone. ADB started from December 1966. Manila of Philippines is the head quarters of Asian Development Bank.

EUROPEON UNION (EU)

The European Union is the Political and Economic Association of countries in the Continent of Europe. Till 1993 it was known as European Community. Europeon Union came into force from November 1, 1993. The head quarters of European Union is at Brussels. EU includes 15 counties. 12 of the EU countries uses a common new currency ‘Euro’. The counties Briton, Sweden, Denmark does not accepted ‘Euro’.

NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION (NATO)

NATO came into force from 1949. USA, Canada, France, Briton, Belgium, Denmark, Greek, Ice Land, Italy, Luxemburg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Turkey, Germany, Spain are the member nations of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The head quarters of NATO is at Brussels of Belgium. The members are promised to give military support to others if any of the member country is attacked.

INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION (IATA)

International Transport Association IATA started in 1945. The headquarters are Montréal and Geneva. IATA is the association of International Air companies doing service according to the time table.

NAM

NAM started in 1955. First submit was held at Belgrade of Yugoslavia. The Establishing Leaders include Marshal Tito of Yugoslavia, Dr. Sukharno of Indonesia, G. C Thasar of Egypt, Jawaharlal Nehru of India.

ORGANIZATION OF PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIES (OPEC)

OPEC started in 1960. The forming countries include Iran, Iraq Kuwait, Saudi Arabia & Veniswala. Vienna in Austria is the head quarters of OPEC. All members of the OPEC includes Algeria, Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Areabia, UAE, Veniswala.

YOUNG MENS CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION (YMCA)

In 1844 a British man named George Williams established YMCA. Geneva is the head quarters of YMCA.

INTERPOL

The official name of Interpol is International Criminal Police Organization. Interpol established in 1923. The head quarters of Interpol is al Leone of France. The first president of Interpol was Jogger Scober.

WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO)

World Trade Organization (WTO) established in 1995 January 1. Head quarters is at Geneva. The World Trade Organization came as the follower of GAAT.

ASSOCIATION OF SOUTH EAST ASIAN NATIONAL (ASEAN)

ASEAN established in 1967 august 8. Jakarta of Indonesia is the head quarters of ASEAN. The first ASEAN meeting held at Bali of Indonesia. ASEAN includes Indonesia, Cambodia, Malaysia, Philippines, Myanmar, Brunei, Laos, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam. India and South Korea were the dialogue partners of ASEAN. Recently India signed contract with ASEAN.

COMMONWEALTH

Commonwealth is an association of Briton and countries independent from the colonial rules of Briton. Head Quarters of Commonwealth is London.

SOUTH ASIAN ASSOCIATION FOR REGIONAL CO-OPERATION (SAARC)

South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation (SAARC) established in 1985. SAARC included India, Maldives, Pakisthan, Bangladesh, Srilamka, Bhutan, Nepal. Head quarters of SAARC is at Katmandu of Nepal. Ziaul Rahman, former president of Bangladesh introduced the idea of SAARC.

SPECIAL AGENCIES OF UNITED NATIONS

International Labour Organisation (ILO)
Head quarters : Geneva

World Meteorological Organization (WMO)

Head quarters: Geneva established in 1951

World Health Organisation (WHO)

Head quarters: Geneva established in 1948

United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR)

Head quarters: Geneva established in 1951

International Telecommunication Union

Head quarters: Geneva, Switzerland established in 1947

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)

Head quarters: Geneva established in 1974

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

Head quarters: Vienna, Austria established in 1956

Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)

Head quarters: Rome, Italy established in 1945

United Nations Education , Scientific and cultural Organization (UNESCO)

Head quarters: Paris, France established in 1946

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)

Head quarters: Washington established in 1946

International Monitory Fund (IMF)

Head quarters: Washington established in 1944

International Maritime Organization (IMO)

Head quarters: London established in 1958

United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF)

Head quarters: New York established in 1946

United Nations fund for popular Activities (UNFPA)

Head quarters: New York established in 1967

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)

Head quarters: Montreal, Canada established in 1947

Universal Postal Union (UPU)

Head quarters: Bern, Switzerland established in 1948

United Nations Industrial Development Organization ( UNIDO)

Head quarters: Vienna, Austria established in 1967

International Development Organization (IDA)

Head quarters: Washington established in 1960

International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)

Head quarters: Rome, Italy established in 1976.

United Nations included 6 important institutions

1. General Assembly
2. Security council
3. Socio Economic council
4. Trusteeship council
5. International Court of Justice
6. Secretariat

1. General Assembly
General Assembly includes maximum 5 representatives from all the member countries of the United Nations Organization.
2. Security Council
Security council included 5 permanent counties and 10 non permanent counties selected for a period of 2 years. China, France, Russia, Britan, USA are the permanent members of the Security council. The five permanent members have the veto power. The council can disqualify any maters which is rejected by these permanent members.

3. Socio Economic Council
The Socio Economic Council is group of 54 members council selected for 3 years
4. Trusteeship council
The important aim of Trusteeship council is the protection of interests of people of regions which are not republic.

5. International Court of Justice
International Court of Justice is the only Institution of United Nations which have Head Quarter out side New York.

6. Secretariat
The secretariat includes the officials and Secretary General appointed by the General council according to the recommendation of Security Council. The official period of Secretary General is 5 years.

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

UNITED NATIONS

Head Quarters of United Nations

New York

United Nations is the largest international organization
In 1945 June 50 nations signed in the United Nations

UN day is observed on October 24 of every year
The term United Nations was first used by Shri. Franklin D Rooswelt, former American President

The official languages of United Nations includes English, Arebic, Chinees, French, Russian & Spanish,

United Nations Security council includes five permanent members & 10 non permanent members selected for 2 years.

The permanent members includes China, France, Russia, Britan, USA.

The Head quarters of International Court of Justice is at Hague of Netherlands

The period of Secretary General to United National is 5 years

The emblem of United Nations includes world map protected by 2 olive leaf branches

The number if Judges of International court of justice is 15. And their period is 9 years.

United Nations University is situated at Tokyo

LARGEST IN THE WORLD

World largest bird - Ostrich
World largest sea bird - Albatross
Largest Island - Green land

Largest island group - Indonesia
Largest desert - Sahara
Largest mountain range - Antis
Largest National Park - Wood buffalo National Park, Canada
Larges bay - Tartar bay
Largest sea - South China Sea
Largest delta - Sundarbans
Largest continent - Asia
Largest ocean - Pacific ocean
Largest river - Amazon
Largest river island - Majully
Largest animal - blue whale
Largest animal in earth - African Elephant
Highest waterfall - Venuzwela
Highest continent - Antarctica
Longest mountain range – Antis
Longest river in the world - Nile
Largest fresh water lake – lake superior
Smallest continent - Australia
Smallest ocean - Artic ocean
Smallest bird - Humming bird
Highest animal - Giraffe
Largest tree - red wood
Oldest plant - Rose
Fastest bird - swift
Largest city - Tokyo
Largest church - St. Peters Basilica
Largest mosque - Juma Masjid
Largest diamond - cullinan
Longest Road - The Pan American High way
Longest Railway bridge - Lower Sambacy

Largest dam - Grand bee
Largest palace - Vatican palace
Largest Museum - American Museum of Natural History
Largest Air port - King Khalid Air Port, Saudi Arabia
Largest Rail way station - Grand central terminal, New York
Largest Temple - Ankorwat, Cambodia
Largest wall - The great wall of china
Largest cave - Mamoth cave

IMPORTANT INTERNATIONAL DAYS

January 26 – International customs day
January 20 – International Leprosy Eradication day

February 14 - Valentines Day
February 21 - International Mother Language day

March 8 - International Womens Day
March 15 - World consumers day
March 21 - World Forest day
March 22 - World Water Day
March 24 - World TB Day
March 27 - Drama Day

April 1 - World fools day
April 7 - World Health Day
April 17 - World Hemophilia Day
April 18 - World Ancestral Day
April 22 - Earth Day
April 23 - World Books day


May 1 - World Labours day
May 3 - World press freedom day
May 8 - World red cross day
May 9 - World Thaslimia Day
May 15 - International family day
May 17 - World communication day
May 24 - Commonwealth day
May 31 - World anti tobacco day


June 5 - World Environment Day
June 20 - Fathers day


July 11 - World Population Day

August 1 - International friends day
August 6 - Hiroshima Day
August 9 - Nagasakki Day
August 18 - World photography day

September 2 - Coconut day
September 8 - world Literacy Day
September 15 - Engineers day
September 16 - World ozone day
September 21 - Alzheimer’s day
September 27 - World tourism day

October 1 - World old age day
October 3 - World house day
October 4 - World Animal Day
October 9 - World Postal day
October 12 - World vision day
October 15 - Blind day
October 14 - World empowerment day
October 16 - World Food day
October 17 - World poverty eradication day
October 24 - United Nations day
October 30 - World mothers day

November 21 - World greetings day

December 1 - World AIDS day
December 3 - World handicapped peoples day
December 10 - Human Rights Day